フクノウミミズ

　フトミミズ科 ＞ ネッタイフトミミズ属 ＞ フクノウミミズ Polypheretima elongata (Perrier, 1872)

Perichaeta elongata Perrier, 1872: 124; Beddard, 1895: 431.

Megascolex elongatus Vaillant, 1889: 81.

Amyntas elongatus Beddard, 1900: 650.

Pheretima elongata Michaelsen, 1900: 265, 1910a: 252, 1922: 32; Cognetti, 1905c: 33; Stephenson, 1920: 222, 1922b: 433, 1923: 298, 1924b: 399, 1926: 256, 1929: 237, 1931: 58; Gates, 1926b: 444, 1926c: 153, 1926d: 182, 1926f: 208, 1932a: 391, 1937a: 201, 1937c: 318, 1955c: 86, 1960c: 256, 278, 1976c: 2; Ude, 1932: 155; Kale & Krishnamoorthy, 1978: 24.

Metapheretima elongata Sims & Easton, 1972: 233; Julka, 1982: 139.

Polypheretima elongata Easton, 1981: 61, 1982: 733; Nakamura, 1990: 102; Zicsi, 1993: 139; Shih et al., 1999: 438; Blakemore, 2003: 35, 2008d: 132, 2012b: 20; James, 2004c: 12; James et al., 2005: 1026; Brown & James, 2006: 147; Dhiman & Batthis, 2006: 2136; Huang et al., 2006: 17; Huerta et al., 2007: 191; Tsai et al., 2009: 45; Csuzdi & Pavlíček, 2009: 12; Reynolds, 2009: 60, 2015v: 118; Somniyam & Suwanwaree, 2009: 223; Nguyen et al., 2014: 114; Fragoso & Rojas, 2014: 203.

Perichaeta biserialis Perrier, 1875: 1044; Beddard, 1890: 63, 1895: 430; Beddard & Fedarb, 1899: 803.

Megascolex biserialis Vaillant, 1889: 76.

Amyntas biserialis Michaelsen, 1899d: 87; Beddard, 1900: 638.

Pheretima biserialis Michaelsen, 1900: 256, 1908c: 14; Ude, 1905: 471; Cognetti, 1905b: 2, 1905c: 30; Ohfuchi, 1940: 13, 1956: 151 (part ?); 大淵・山口, 1947: 1368; 上平, 1973a: 59; Ishizuka, 1999a: 57.

Metapheretima biserialis Sims & Easton, 1972: 233.

Megascolex annulatus Horst, 1883: 195; Vaillant, 1889: 79.

Perichaeta acystis Beddard, 1895: 423.

Metapheretima acystis Sims & Easton, 1972: 233.

基産地：ペルー

タイプ標本所在地：パリ博物館（Museum of Natural History, Paris, France） (AE-633-646)

＜外部形態＞

　全長 75-355 mm (75-300 [Julka, 1982]、90-100 [Gates, 1960c], 100-330 [Ohfuchi, 1940]、150-265 [Gates, 1932a]、190-355 [Vaillant, 1889]、195 [Horst, 1883])、体幅 3-6 mm (3-6 [Julka, 1982]、3.0-5.0 [Ohfuchi, 1940]、4 [Gates, 1960c], 4-6 [Gates, 1932a])、体節数 117-297 (117-227 [Ohfuchi, 1940]、130 [Horst, 1883; Vaillant, 1889]、136-297 [Julka, 1982]、175-230 [不明])。

　剛毛は、第 8 体節で 56-140 本 (67-140 [Julka, 1982]、56-92 [Ohfuchi, 1940])、第 20 体節で 44-75 本 (44-74 [Ohfuchi, 1940]、55-75 [Julka, 1982]、60-75 [Gates, 1932a])。腹側の剛毛は2列に並び、他の部分の剛毛よりも明らかに長い (James, 2004c)。第一背孔は通常第 12/13 体節間溝にあるが (Gates, 1932a; Ohfuchi, 1940; Julka, 1982)、稀に 第 11/12 体節間溝もしくは第 13/14 体節間溝にある (Gates, 1932a)。ただし、後者には、非機能的背孔が第 12/13 体節間溝にあった (Gates, 1932a)。

　体色は着色がない (James, 2004c)。背は明ピンク灰色で、腹は明灰色 (Ohfuchi, 1940)。皮膚は薄い (Ohfuchi, 1940)。

　受精嚢孔は第 5/6/7 体節間溝に左右各 5 対以下であるが、ミャンマーでは 100 個体以上のうち左右第 5/6/7 体節間溝に同数の受精嚢を持っていたものは 1 個体だけであった (Gates, 1932a)。また、51 個体は受精嚢を完全に欠いていた (Gates, 1932a)。なお、第 7/8 体節間溝の左側に追加の受精嚢を持つ個体も発見されている (Gates, 1932a)。受精囊孔間剛毛は第 5-6 体節で 13-17 本 (Gates, 1932a; Julka, 1982)。 環帯は第 14–16 体節 (Ohfuchi, 1940)。雄性孔は第 18 体節にあり、陥没型 (Ohfuchi, 1940; Julka, 1982)。雄性孔間剛毛は 5-15 本 (5-9 [Ohfuchi, 1940]、7-15 [Gates, 1932a; Julka, 1982]) で平均 12.0 本 (Gates, 1932a)。

　性徴は横長の長楕円形で、第 19-24 体節 (19-21 [James, 2004c]、19-23 [Ohfuchi, 1940]、19-24 [Gates, 1932a]) の剛毛線よりも前に位置する。ミャンマーでは、47.5 ％ の個体が第 19-23 体節に性徴を持ち、24.1 % が第 19-22 体節に、21.0 %が 19-24 体節に性徴を持っていた (Gates, 1932a)。また、インドでも第 19-23 体節に性徴を持つものが 95 ％ 以上を占めていた (Gates, 1960c)。

＜内部形態＞

　隔膜は第 4/5 体節間溝で厚く、第 5/6/7/8 体節間溝でとても厚く、第 8/9 間溝で欠き、第 10/11/12 体節間溝でとても厚い (Ohfuchi, 1940)。

　腸管は第 15 体節から開始する (Ohfuchi, 1940)。腸盲嚢を欠く (Ohfuchi, 1940)。

　受精嚢は第 6–7 体節にあり、左右で5対以下 (Gates, 1932a)。受精嚢の主嚢は楕円形だが、背腹面方向にやや平たく、長さ 2 mm、幅 1.7 mm (Ohfuchi, 1940)。導管は長さ 1 mm (Ohfuchi, 1940)。副嚢は直線的で、長さ 1.8 mm (Ohfuchi, 1940)。卵巣は第 14 体節 (Ohfuchi, 1940)。貯精嚢は第 11–12 体節で、3つの小嚢に分かれる (Ohfuchi, 1940)。摂護腺は第 16-20 体節まで占め、多くの小葉に分かれる。摂護腺の導管はとても長い (Ohfuchi, 1940)。性徴を持つものの生殖腺を欠く (Ohfuchi, 1940)。

　ミャンマーでは、標高2000mを超す地点にも生息する (Gates, 1937a)。タイでは、サトウキビ農場でのみ確認された (Somniyam & Suwanwaree, 2009)。

　Gates (1960c) は本種を単為生殖種としている。

　大淵・山口 (1947) は biserialis の和名をフクノウミミズとした。

　Ohfuchi (1956) が elongata の種名で報告したものは、モリスミミズの同定ミスだと考えられる (Easton, 1981; Shih et al., 1999; Blakemore, 2003, 2008d)。Ishizuka (1999a) は elongata をモリスミミズのシノニムとしたが、これは Ohfuchi (1956) や大淵・山口 (1965) の形態に基づくと考えられ、Perrier (1872) が記載したものとは形態が大きく異なるため、この措置は無視すべきである。 

Perichaeta elongata Perrier, 1872: 124.

Perichaeta biserialis Perrier, 1875: 1044.

Megascolex annulatus Horst, 1883: 195. [形態記載]

Megascolex biserialis Vaillant, 1889: 76. [同定形質のみ]

Megascolex annulatus Vaillant, 1889: 79. [同定形質のみ]

Megascolex elongatus Vaillant, 1889: 81. [同定形質のみ]

Perichaeta biserialis Beddard, 1890: 63.

Perichaeta biserialis Beddard, 1891: 275.

Perichaeta acystis Beddard, 1895: 423.

Perichaeta biserialis Beddard, 1895: 430.

Perichaeta elongata Beddard, 1895: 431.

Amyntas biserialis Michaelsen, 1899d: 87. [記述なし] (?, 1899)

Perichaeta biserialis Beddard & Fedarb, 1899: 803.

Amyntas biserialis Beddard, 1900: 638 (syn. acystis).

Amynthas elongatus Beddard, 1900: 650.

Pheretima biserialis Michaelsen, 1900: 256.

Pheretima elongata Michaelsen, 1900: 265.

Pheretima biserialis Ude, 1905: 471.

Pheretima biserialis Cognetti, 1905b: 2. [記述のみ] (May 24, 1905)

Pheretima biserialis Cognetti, 1905c: 30. [形態記載] (Jun 25, 1905)

Pheretima elongata Cognetti, 1905c: 33. [記述のみ] (Jun 25, 1905)

Pheretima biserialis Michaelsen, 1908c: 14.

Phereitma elongata Michaelsen, 1910a: 252.

Pheretima elongata Stephenson, 1920: 222.

Pheretima elongata Stephenson, 1922b: 433.

Pheretima elongata Michaelsen, 1922: 32.

Pheretima elongata Stephenson, 1923: 298 (syn. biserialis, acystis).

Pheretima elongata Stephenson, 1924b: 339.

Pheretima elongata Gates, 1926b: 444.

Pheretima elongata Gates, 1926c: 153.

Pheretima elongata Gates, 1926d: 182.

Pheretima elongata Gates, 1926f: 208.

Pheretima elongata Stephenson, 1926: 256.

Pheretima elongata Gates, 1929: 237.

Pheretima elongata Stephenson, 1931: 58.

Pheretima elongata Ude, 1932: 155.

Pheretima elongata Gates, 1932a: 391. [形態記載]

Pheretima elongata Gates, 1937a: 201.

Pheretima elongata Gates, 1937c: 318. [記述のみ]

Pheretima biserialis Ohfuchi, 1940: 13 (syn. acystis, elongata).

Pheretima elongate 小林, 1941d: 376. [記述のみ]

Pheretima biserialis 大淵・山口, 1947: 1368. [同定形質のみ]

Pheretima elongata Gates, 1955c: 86.

Pheretima biserialis Ohfuchi, 1956: 151 (syn. asysitis, elongata). [記述のみ]

Pheretima elongata Gates, 1960c: 256, 278. [形態記載]

Metapheretima acystis Sims & Easton, 1972: 233. [記述のみ] (Sep ?, 1972)

Metapheretima biserialis Sims & Easton, 1972: 233. [記述のみ] (Sep ?, 1972)

Metapheretima elongata Sims & Easton, 1972: 233. [記述のみ] (Sep ?, 1972)

Pheretima biserialis 上平, 1973a: 59. [同定形質のみ] (?, 1973)

Pheretima elongata Gates, 1976c: 2. [記述のみ] (Apr, 1976)

Pheretima elongata Kale & Krishnamoorthy, 1978: 24. [記述のみ] (Mar ??, 1978)

Polypheretima elongata Easton, 1981: 61 (syn. biserialis). [同定形質のみ] (Apr 30, 1981)

Polypheretima elongata Easton, 1982: 733. [同定形質のみ]

Metapheretima elongata Julka, 1982: 139. [形態記載]

Polypheretima elongata Nakamura, 1990: 102.

Polypheretima elongata Zicsi, 1993: 139.

Pheretima biserialis Ishizuka, 1999a: 57.

Polypheretima elongata Shih et al., 1999: 438. [記述のみ]

Polypheretima elongata Blakemore, 2003: 35 (syn. biserialis, acystis, monocystis, aelongata). [同定形質のみ] (?, 2003)

Polypheretima elongata James, 2004c: 12. [同定形質のみ]

Polypheretima elongata James et al., 2005: 1026. [NMNS 4054-040]

Polypheretima elongata Dhiman & Battish, 2006: 2136.

Polypheretima elongata Huang et al., 2006: 17. [記述のみ]

Polypheretima elongata Huerta et al., 2007: 191. [記述のみ]

Polypheretima elongata Blakemore, 2008d: 132 (syn. biserialis, acystis, monocystis, aelongata). [同定形質のみ] (Dec ?, 2008)

Polypheretima elongata Reynolds, 2009b: 60. [記述のみ] (Aug, 2009)

Polypheretima elongata Tsai et al., 2009: 45.

Polypheretima elongata Csuzdi & Pavlíček, 2009: 12 (syn. biserialis, acystis).

Polypheretima elongata Somniyam & Suwanwaree, 2009: 223. [記述のみ]

Polypheretima elongata Blakemore, 2012b: 20 (syn. biserialis, acystis, monocystis, aelongata). [記述のみ] (Feb 28, 2012)

Polypheretima elongata Nguyen et al., 2014: 114 (syn. biserialis, acystis).

Polypheretima elongata Fragoso & Rojas, 2014: 203. [記述のみ] (?, 2014)

Polypheretima elongata Reynolds, 2015v: 118. [記述のみ] (Dec, 2015)

[要検討]

Perichaeta birserialis Perrier, 1875: 1044, Beddard, 1890: 63, Michaelsen, 1897: 226, Horst, 1899: 202; Michaelsen, 1909: 187.

Megascolex biserialis Vaillant, 1889: 63

Perichaeta monocystis Horst, 1899: 202.

elongata Michaelsen, 1910: 84; Michaelsen, 1921: 68, Stephenson, 1922: 433, Perrier, 1872: 124

Beddard & Fedarb, 1899

Do & Le, 1992; Le, 1995; Do, 1994; Tran, 1985; Nguyen, 1994; Huynh, 1996; Thai, 1987; Nguyen & Tran, 2008

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