ムラサキツリミミズ
ツリミミズ科 > ムラサキツリミミズ属 >
ムラサキツリミミズ Dendrobaena octaedra (Savigny, 1826)
Allolobophora boeckii Eisen, 1873: 53 (syn. puter); Vaillant, 1889: 118 (syn. rubida); Beddard, 1895: 705 (syn. camerani).
Allolobophora octaëdra Michaelsen, 1899a: 131.
Lumbricus (Dendrobaena) octaedrus Vaillant, 1889: 119.
Allolobophora octoera [sic] Rosa, 1893a: 1, 1897: 5.
Allolobophora octoedra [sic] Ribaucourt, 1896: 25.
Helodrilus octaedrus Michaelsen, 1900: 494, 1902a: 3 & 11 (syn. boeckii); Cognetti, 1905a: 60; Smith, 1917: 167, 1927: 358; Olson, 1933: 192.
Dendrobaena octaëdra Bretscher, 1901: 215.
Dendrobaena octaedra Friend, 1910: 81; Černosvitov, 1937b: 83; Easton, 1942: 247; Gates, 1942a: 102, 1953c: 523, 1958a: 5, 1967c: 155, 1969: 3, 1976c: 2; Davies, 1954: 5; Lindroth, 1957: 123; 大淵・山口, 1965: 547; 中村, 1965: 115; Zicsi, 1965b: 253, 1965c: 157, 1968a: 425, 1968b: 137, 1969: 72, 1970: 241, 1981: 170, 1994: 50; 1995: 606; 2004: 125; 加藤, 1972: 550; 上平, 1973b: 47, 2017b: 69, 2018a: 32; Easton, 1981: 42, 1983: 479; 大野, 1984: 992; Zicsi & Csuzdi, 1986: 118, 2001: 140; Kasprzak, 1989: 39; Nakamura, 1990: 102; Schwert, 1990: 354; 中村, 1998: 26; Blakemore, 2003: 10, 2008d: 28, 2012b: 17; Paliwal & Julka, 2004: 1973; Pop & Pop, 2006: 1221; Pižl, 2006: 79; Huang et al., 2006: 18; Timm & Vvedenskaya, 2006: 230; Horn et al., 2007: 175; Pop et al., 2007: 54; Latif et al., 2009: 5; Reynolds, 2010c: 128, 2011a: 255, 2015a: 116, 2015b: 181, 2015v: 118; Stoyanović et al., 2013: 638; Szederjesi, 2014: 50; Szederjesi et al., 2014: 96; Shekhovtsov et al., 2014: 53-2; 中村, 2015: 1900; Höser, 2015: 135.
Dendrobaena octaedrus [sic] Stephenson, 1931: 89.
Dendrobaena octaedra typica Tétry, 1937: 144.
Dendrobaena octaedra octaedra Christoffersen, 2011: 151.
Allolobophora octoedra liliputiana Ribaucourt, 1896: 32.
Allolobophora octoedra alpinula [sic] Ribaucourt, 1896: 33.
形態
<外部形態>
全長 20-60 mm (20-60 [Latif et al., 2009]、25-40 [Zicsi, 1965c]、25-60 [大淵・山口, 1965; 中村, 1965]、40-110 [Vaillant, 1889])、体幅 2-4 mm (2-3 [中村, 1965]、2-4 [大淵・山口, 1965; Zicsi, 1965c]、3-4 [Latif et al., 2009])、体節数 60-100 (60-100 [Vaillant, 1889]、80-96 [大淵・山口, 1965; 中村, 1965]、80-100 [Zicsi, 1965c])。
剛毛の間隔は広く、対にはならずそれぞれの間隔は同長で、d>aa=ab=bc=cd (Zicsi, 1965c)。
第一背孔は第 4/5 体節間溝 (Zicsi, 1965c)。
体色は、赤みを帯びた紫褐色で、環帯は淡紅色 (大淵・山口, 1965; 中村, 1965)。
環帯は第 29-33 体節には必ず存在し、第 27-34 体節まで変異がある (27、28、29-33、34 [Zicsi, 1965c]、28、29、(30)-33、1/n 34 [Latif et al., 2009]、29-33 [大淵・山口, 1965; 中村, 1965])。第 29-33 体節の個体が最も多い (Zicsi, 1965c)。思春期隆起は第 31-33 体節 (Zicsi, 1965c; Latif et al., 2009)。雄性孔は第 15 体節で、b 剛毛線と c 剛毛線のほぼ中央に開口する (大淵・山口, 1965; 中村, 1965)。受精囊孔は 3 対で、第 9/10/11/12 体節間溝の d 剛毛線上に開口する (大淵・山口, 1965; 中村, 1965)。
<内部形態>
貯精嚢は 3 対で、第 9、11、12 体節にあるが、第 9 体節のものは小さく痕跡的 (大淵・山口, 1965; 中村, 1965; Zicsi, 1965c)。受精囊は 3 対で第 9-11 体節 (Zicsi, 1965c)。受精囊孔は第 9/10/11/12 体節間溝の d 剛毛線上に開口する (Zicsi, 1965c)。
分布
栃木県では、那須岳の三斗小屋温泉のゴミ捨て場で採集されたのみ (加藤, 1972)。
国外ではイギリス (Friend, 1910)、オランダ (Zicsi, 1965c)、デンマーク (Michaelsen, 1902a)、ドイツ (Zicsi, 1969; Lehmitz et al., 2014; Höser, 2015)、スイス (Ribaucourt, 1896; Bretscher, 1899, 1901; Zicsi, 1968a, 1970)、イタリア (Cognetti, 1906d; Zicsi, 1968a, 1981)、チェコ (Pižl, 2006)、オーストリア (Rosa, 1897; Cognetti, 1906d; Zicsi, 1965b, 1965c, 1969, 1994)、ポーランド (Michaelsen, 1899a; Zicsi, 1965c; Kasprzak, 1989)、スロバキア (Zicsi, 1965c)、ハンガリー (Zicsi, 1968b, Csuzdi & Zicsi, 2003)、ボスニアヘルツェゴビナ (Cognetti, 1906d)、セルビア (Stoyanović et al., 2013)、ルーマニア (Cognetti, 1906d; Pop & Pop, 2006; Pop et al., 2007; Szederjesi et al., 2014)、モンテネグロ (Szederjesi, 2014)、ブルガリア (Černosvitov, 1937b; Zicsi & Csuzdi, 1986)、ノルウェー (Eisen, 1873; Michaelsen, 1902a)、スウェーデン (Michaelsen, 1902a)、ノバヤゼムリャ (Michaelsen, 1902a)、ロシア (Csuzdi & Zicsi, 2003; Timm & Vvedenskaya, 2006; Shekhovtsov et al., 2014)、イラン (Latif et al., 2009)、インド (Gates, 1958a; Paliwal & Julka, 2004)、中国 (Huang et al., 2006)、ハワイ (Nakamura, 1990; Reynolds, 2015v)、グリーンランド (Stephenson, 1931; Gates, 1942a; Lindroth, 1957; Csuzdi & Zicsi, 2003)、カナダ (Gates, 1942a; Lindroth, 1957)、アメリカ合衆国 (Smith, 1917, 1927; Olson, 1933; Easton, 1942; Gates, 1942a, 1953c, 1967c; Davies, 1954; Lindroth, 1957; Schwert, 1990; Reynolds, 2010c, 2011a, 2015a, b)、メキシコ (Cognetti, 1905a; Gates, 1942a)、コロンビア (Cognetti, 1905a)、ベネズエラ (Christoffersen, 2011)、エクアドル (Christoffersen, 2011)、コロンビア (Christoffersen, 2011)、ボリビア (Zicsi, 1995; Christoffersen, 2011)、チリ (Zicsi & Csuzdi, 2001; Zicsi, 2004; Christoffersen, 2011)、アルゼンチン (Christoffersen, 2011)、フアン・フェルナンデス諸島 (Gates, 1969)、南アフリカ (Horn et al., 2007) に分布する。
なお、Latif et al. (2009) はコーカサス山地、イタリア、ギリシャ、トルコには分布せず、ロシアの平原を経てカスピ海の東側を南下し、コーカサス山脈を超えていないと推測している。
生息環境
主に森林の有機物層に生息し (Bösener, 1965; Csuzdi & Zicsi, 2003; Jänsch et al., 2013)、樹皮下にも見られる (Csuzdi & Zicsi, 2003)。腐植に富む土壌の表層や落葉中に生息する (中村, 1991)。牧草堆積下に生息する (加藤, 1972)。
生態
地表種 (Csuzdi & Zicsi, 2003; Lehmitz et al., 2014)。中村 (1998) は、孔道を形成せず、糞は不鮮明であり、餌資源は分解中の枯れ葉である枯葉生息型としている。
個体密度は草地で 261/ m2 に達する (中村, 1965)。
1 個体あたり、年 1.07 g (乾重) のリターを消費する (Zicsi, 1974a, Csuzdi & Zicsi, 2003 より二次引用)。糞は地表に排泄する (Csuzdi & Zicsi, 2003)。
備考
大淵・山口 (1965) は和名をムラサキツリミミズとした。
広く分布し、異数体や単為生殖型を持つため、形態変異は多様である。このため、受精囊、貯精嚢、生殖隆起壁など生殖器官の一部が退化することが多い (Csuzdi & Zicsi, 2003)。
シノニムリスト
Dendrobaena boeckii Eisen, 1873: 53 (syn. puter). [形態記載]
Lumbricus (Dendrobaena) boeckii Vaillant, 1889: 118 (syn. punter, rubida). [同定形質のみ]
Lumbricus (Dendrobaena) octaedrus Vaillant, 1889: 119.
Allolobophora octoedra Rosa, 1893a: 1 (syn. boeckii).
Allolobophora boeckii Beddard, 1895: 705 (syn. puter, camerani, rubida).
Allolobophora octoedra [sic] Ribaucourt, 1896: 25 (syn. ? Lumbricus flaviventris, boeckii, camerani).
Allolobophora octoedra var. liliputiana Ribaucourt, 1896: 32.
Allolobophora octoedra var. alpinula Ribaucourt, 1896: 33.
Allolobophora octoedra Rosa, 1897: 5.
Allolobophora octaëdra Michaelsen, 1899a: 131.
Allolobophora octoëdra [sic] Bretscher, 1899: 416.
Helodrilus (Dendrobaena) octaedrus Michaelsen, 1900: 494.
Dendrobaena octaëdra Bretscher, 1901: 215.
Helodrilus (Dendrobaena) octaedrus Michaelsen, 1902a: 3+11 (syn. puter, boeckii).
Helodrilus (Dendrobaena) octaedrus Cognetti, 1905a: 60.
Helodrilus (Dendrobaena) octaedrus Cognetti, 1906d: 8. [記述のみ] (May 25, 1906)
Dendrobaena octaedra Friend, 1910: 81.
Helodrilus (Dendrobaena) octaedrus Smith, 1917: 167.
Helodrilus octaedrus Smith, 1927: 358.
Dendrobaena octaedrus Stephenson, 1931: 89.
Helodrilus octaedrus Olson, 1933: 192.
Dendrobaena octaedra f. typica Tétry, 1937: 144.
Dendrobaena octaedra Černosvitov, 1937b: 83.
Dendrobaena octaedra Easton, 1942: 247. [同定形質のみ]
Dendrobaena octaedra Gates, 1942a: 102.
Dendrobaena octaedra Gates, 1953c: 523.
Dendrobaena octaedra Davies, 1954: 5.
Dendrobaena (Helodrilus) octaedra Lindroth, 1957: 123.
Dendrobaena octaedra Gates, 1958a: 5.
Dendrobaena octaedra 大淵・山口, 1965: 547 ムラサキツリミミズ(新称?). [同定形質のみ]
Dendrobaena octaedra 中村, 1965: 115 ムラサキツリミミズ. [記述のみ]
Dendrobaena octaedra Zicsi, 1965b: 253. [記述のみ] (?, 1965)
Dendrobaena octaedra Zicsi, 1965c: 157. [形態記載] (?, 1965)
Dendrobaena octaedra Gates, 1967c: 155.
Dendrobaena octaedra Zicsi, 1968a: 425.
Dendrobaena octaedra Zicsi, 1968b: 137. [記述のみ] (?, 1968)
Dendrobaena octaedra Gates, 1969: 3.
Dendrobaena octaedra Zicsi, 1969: 72. [記述のみ] (?, 1969)
Dendrobaena octaedra Zicsi, 1970: 241.
Dendrobaena octaedra 加藤, 1972: 550 ムラサキツリミミズ. [記述のみ] (Apr 25, 1972)
Dendrobaena octaedra 上平, 1973b: 47. [記述のみ]
Dendrobaena octaedra Gates, 1976c: 2. [記述のみ] (Apr, 1976)
Dendrobaena octaedra Easton, 1981: 42. [同定形質のみ] (Apr 30, 1981)
Dendrobaena octaedra Zicsi, 1981: 170. [記述のみ] (?, 1981)
Dendrobaena octaedra Easton, 1983: 479 (syn. flaviventris, boeckii, camerani, octaedra alpinula, octaedra liliputiana, octaedra casterinensis, octaedra quadivesiculata). [記述のみ]
Dendrobaena octaedra 大野, 1984: 992. [記述のみ]
Dendrobaena octaedra Zicsi & Csuzdi, 1986: 118.
Dendrobaena octaedra Kasprzak, 1989: 39. [記述のみ]
Dendrobaena octaedra Nakamura, 1990: 102.
Dendrobaena octaedra Schwert, 1990: 354. [同定形質のみ]
Dendrobaena octaedra 中村, 1991: 13 ムラサキツリミミズ. [記述のみ]
Dendrobaena octaedra Zicsi, 1994: 50. [記述のみ]
Dendrobaena octaedra Zicsi, 1995: 606.
Dendrobaena octaedra 中村, 1998: 26 ムラサキツリミミズ. [記述のみ]
Dendrobaena octaedra 上平, 2001b: 76. [記述のみ]
Dendroabena octaedra Zicsi & Csuzdi 2001: 140. [記述のみ]
Dendrobaena octaedra 上平, 2002b: 28. [記述のみ]
Dendrobeana octaedra [sic] 上平, 2003b: 85. [記述のみ]
Dendrobaena octaedra 上平, 2003e: 46. [記述のみ]
Dendrobaena octaedra Csuzdi & Zicsi, 2003: 121 (syn. flaviventris, boeckii, cameroni, boeckii, octaedra alpinula, octaedra lilliputian, octaedra casterinensis, octaedra brevisella). [形態記載]
Dendrobaena octaedra Blakemore, 2003: 10. [記述のみ]
Dendrobaena octaedra 上平, 2004c: 25. [記述のみ]
Dendrobaena octaedra Paliwal & Julka, 2004: 1973.
Dendrobaena octaedra Zicsi, 2004: 125. [記述のみ]
Dendrobaena octaedra Pop & Pop, 2006: 1221.
Dendrobaena octaedra 上平, 2006: 40. [記述のみ]
Dendrobaena octaedra Pižl, 2006: 79. [記述のみ]
Dendrobaena octaedra Timm & Vvedenskaya, 2006: 230. [記述のみ]
Dendrobaena octaedra Huang et al., 2006: 18. [記述のみ]
Dendrobaena octaedra Horn et al., 2007: 175.
Dendrobaena octaedra Pop et al., 2007: 54.
Dendrobaena octaedra Blakemore, 2008d: 28. [記述のみ] (Dec ?, 2008)
Dendrobaena octaedra Latif et al., 2009: 5. [同定形質のみ]
Dendrobaena octaedra Reynolds, 2010c: 128. [記述のみ] (Nov, 2010)
Dendrobaena octaedra Reynolds, 2011a: 255. [記述のみ] (Apr, 2011)
Dendrobaena octaedra octaedra Christoffersen, 2011: 151.
Dendrobaena octaedra Blakemore, 2012b: 17. [記述のみ] (Feb 28, 2012)
Dendrobaena octaedra Stoyanović et al., 2013: 638.
Dendrobaena octaedra Szederjesi, 2014: 50.
Dendrobaena octaedra Szederjesi et al., 2014: 96. [記述のみ]
Dendrobaena octaedra Shekhovtsov et al., 2014: 53-2. [記述のみ]
Dendrobaena octaedra Lehmitz et al., 2014: 228 (syn. boeckii). [記述のみ]
Dendrobaena octaedra 中村, 2015: 1900. [記述のみ]
Dendrobaena octaedra Höser, 2015: 135. [記述のみ]
Dendrobaena octaedra Reynolds, 2015a: 116. [記述のみ]
Dendrobaena octaedra Reynolds, 2015b: 181. [記述のみ]
Dendrobaena octaedra Reynolds, 2015v: 118. [記述のみ] (Dec, 2015)
Dendrobaena octaedra 上平, 2017b: 69. [記述のみ] (Mar, 2017)
Dendrobaena octaedra 上平, 2018a: 32. [記述のみ] (Mar, 2018)
Dendrobaena octaedra Shekhovtsov et al., 2018: 10. [記述のみ]
[要検討]
Enterion octaedrum Savigny, 1826:183.
Lumbricus octaedrus Duges, 1837: 17,24,35.
Lumbricus vetaedrus Duges, 1837: 24 (erroneous spelling).
Lumbricus riparius (part) Hoffmeister, 1845: 30.
Lumbricus flaviventris R. Lenckart, 1849: 159.
Lumbricus puter (part) Eisen, 1871: 959 (part).
Dendrobaena boeckii Eisen, 1874: 53.
Lumbricus boeckii Tauber, 1879: 69.
Dendrobaena camerani Rosa, 1882: 172.
Dendrobaena rubida Vejdovsky, 1884:60
Allolobophora boeckii Rosa, 1884:48.
Octolasion boeckii Orley, 1885: 20.
Dendrobaena octaedra Vejdovsky, 1888:41.
Dendrobaena camerani Vaillant, 1889: 113.
Allolobophora octaedra Rosa, 1893: 424, 437.
Allolobophora boeckii Friend, 1892: 298.
Allolobophora octaedra Rosa, 1893: 424, 437.
Allolobophora octaedra alpinula Ribaucourt, 1896: 32.
Allolobophora octaedra liliputiana Ribaucourt, 1896: 32.
Dendrobaena octaedrus casterinensis Chinaglia, 1911: 1.
Dendrobaena octaedra Tetry, 1937: 144.
Dendrobaena octaedra quadriversiculata Pop, 1938: 139.
Dendrobaena octaedra f. typical Pop, 1943: 20.
Dendrobaena octaedra typica Pop, 1948: 104.
Dendrobaena octaedra quadriversiculata Pop, 1948: 106.
Dendrobaena octaedra Wilcke, 1949: 177.
Dendrobaena octaedra Zuck, 1951: 127.
Dendrobaena octaedra Graff, 1953b: 26.
Dendrobaena octahedra (incorrect spelling) Langmaid, 1964: 34.
Dendrobaena octaedra Gerard, 1964: 37.
Dendrobaena octaedra Zicsi, 1968a: 137.
Dendrobaena octaedra Bouche, 1972: 388.
Dendrobaena (Dendrobaena) octaedra brevisella Bouche, 1972: 389.
Dendrobaena octaedra Gates, 1974: 16.
Dendrobaena octaedra Reynolds, 1977: 65.
Dendrobaena octaedra Perel, 1979: 229.
Dendrobaena octaedra Zicsi, 1982a: 443.
Dendrobaena octaedra Easton, 1983: 479.
Dendrobaena octaedra Sims & Gerard, 1985: 70.
Dendrobaena octaedra Zicsi, 1991: 176.
Dendrobaena octaedra Mrsic, 1991: 607.
Dendrobaena octaedra Zicsi, 1993: 639.
Dendrobaena octaedra octaedra Qiu & Bouche, 1998: 193.
Dendrobaena octaedra Sims & Gerard, 1999: 70.
Dendrobaena octaedra Zicsi & Csuzdi, 2001: 140.
Dendrobaena octaedra Blakemore, 2002: 301.
Dendrobaena octaedra octaedra Blakemore, 2006: 4.
Dendrobaena octaedra Blakemore, 2008: 32.
引用文献
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